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Quality control of Chinese materia medica (CMM) is an effective measure to ensure the safety and effectiveness of CMM in clinical practice, which is also a bottleneck to restrict the modernization process of CMM. Regarding the current quality evaluation model of CMM, we reviewed the research strategies of quality control for CMM at the present stage from the perspectives of "discrimination of authenticity" and "assessment of superiority" to state the research status and development tendency of quality standard of CMM. What's more, we put forward a new quality control pattern of CMM based on "identification of herbal origin, study on material basis, discrimination of quality markers (Q-markers), and development of quality control method". An in-depth study of material basis based on authentic CMM was implemented to discriminate "Q-markers", and further developed a quality control method to control the quality of CMM. Finally, a quality control standard has been established to meet the characteristic of CMM.
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Objective To investigated the association between bone morphogenetic proteins-2 (BMP-2)gene mutation and coal-burning skeletal fluorosis of children in Zhijin Guizhou.Methods In 2010,121 cases of children with skeletal fluorosis were diagnosed based on the standard X-ray Diagnosis of Skeletal Fluorosis (WS192-1999) in coal-burning skeletal fluorosis areas in Zhijin Guizhou,and 50 cases of them were selected as skeletal fluorosis group.Thirty healthy children free of skeletal fluorosis,rickets and other bone related diseases excluded by X-ray were selected as a control group in the same area.Using polymcrase chain reaction combined with DNA sequencing technology,all three exons of BMP-2 gene were conducted sequence screening in skeletal fluorosis and the control groups to detect gene mutations.Results ①The T insertion mutation on exon 1 between 401-402 bp:the T insertion mutantion genotype frequencies of skeletal fluorosis group and the control group were 27.7％ (13/47)and 7.1％ (2/28),and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =4.600,P ＜ 0.05),adjusted OR value of 4.62(1.94-10.90).②)The 894 bp T→G mutation on exon 2:the TG genotype frequencies of skeletal fluorosis group and the control group were 14.0％ (7/50) and 16.7％(5/30),and the difference were not statistically significant (x2=0.103,P＞ 0.05).③The 1 046 bp A→G mutation on exon 2:the AA,AG,GG genotype frequencies of skeletal fluorosis group and the control group was 30.0％ (15/50),24.0％ (12/50),46.0％ (23/50) and 50.0％ (15/30),20.0％(6/30),30.0％ (9/30),and the differences were not statistically significant (x2 =3.099,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Exon 1at 401-402 bp,T insertion mutation and skeletal fluorosis are closely related.The relationship between A→Gmutation in exon 2 at 1 046 bp and skeletal fluorosis is not significant.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the gene expressions in the stromal cells of the human prostate peripheral zone (PZ) in men of different ages.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We primarily cultured stromal cells from the normal prostate PZ of men aged 23 -32 (young group) and 56 -75 years (old group), profiled the gene signature of the PZ cells by cDNA microarray, and defined the differential gene expression patterns by hierarchical cluster analysis. Among the differential genes, we selected and confirmed up-regulated genes by quantitative real time PCR (Q-PCR), and identified their protein coding by Western blotting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were significant differences in the gene expressions of the PZ cells between the old and young groups. Based on the fold change ratio of > or = 2 or < or = 0.5, 509 up-regulated and 188 down-regulated genes were selected in the PZ cells. A subset of significantly differential genes influencing the growth of adjacent epithelial cells were identified, including HGF, IGF2, IGFBP5 and MMP1 in the old males.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Stromal cells in the prostate PZ were more active in older males in promoting the malignant progression of adjacent prostate epithelial cells, which might be due to the increased expression of extracellular paracrining mediators.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Age Factors , Cell Proliferation , Cells, Cultured , Gene Expression , Gene Expression Profiling , Prostate , Metabolism , Stromal Cells , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the restoration of erectile function by reconstructing cavernous nerves (CN) with small intestinal submucosa (SIS) grafts.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We prepared SIS grafts, established rat models and divided the models into a CN ablation, a sham-operation and an SIS graft group. The CNs at both sides were severed with 1 cm ablated in the first group, and 0.5 cm removed in the third, followed by reconstruction with the SIS grafts. Three months after surgery, the apomorphine test was performed to evaluate the erectile function, and then all the rats were sacrificed to detect the expression of nNOS in the penis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Penile erection was observed in 72.73% (8/11) of the rats for (1.07 +/- 0.89) times within 30 min in the SIS graft group, as compared with 0% (0/11) of the rats for (0.00 +/- 0.00) times in the CN ablation group (P < 0.01), and 90.91% (10/11) of the rats for (2.19 +/- 1.17) times in the sham-operation group (P < 0.01). The number of nNOS nerve fibers was significantly larger in the SIS graft than in the CN ablation group (70.36 +/- 10.09 versus 22.09 +/- 4.76, P < 0.01), but both were significantly smaller than that of the sham-operation group (90.81 +/- 5.69, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The SIS grafting technique contributes to the recanalization of the severed CN and restoration of erectile function in rats after surgical injury.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Erectile Dysfunction , General Surgery , Intestinal Mucosa , Transplantation , Intestine, Small , Nerve Regeneration , Nerve Tissue , Wounds and Injuries , General Surgery , Penile Erection , Penis , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
Objective To explore the prevalence satate of children in burning coal endemic fluorosis in Zhijin county of Guizhou province, provide the scientific basis for the prevention of skeletal fluorosis.Methods One thousand six hundred and sixteen children in school under 16 years old that were sampled in cluster sampling were examined with dental fluorosis,X-ray in the type of burning coal pollution fluorosis areas of Zhijin county Guizhou province.Results Total prevalence rate of dental fluorosis was 96.42%,prevalence rate of skeletal fluorosis was 7.49%, constrictive skeletal fluorosis was main type in Zhijin county Guizhou province.Conclusion Prevalence states of dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis are still serious, more effectual preventive and control measure shall be used.
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Observations on blood pressure and myocardial contraction were taken on 20 cats under urethane anesthesia and artificial respiration. 3% sodium pentobarbital solution was injected intravenously into the cats until the blood pressure dropped to about 10 mm Hg, the heart beat nearly arrested and the pulsation scarcely felt, then, the boiled extract of aconite root equivalent to dried herb 100-400 mg/kg was injected intravenously, the response of the cats were striking, the blood pressure rose markedly, and the amplitude of myocardial contraction significantly enhanced. Same results were obtained when the experiments were repeated.By pharmacological analysis it is more likely that the pressor effect is due to the stimulation action on the ?-receptor of the vascular wall and the cardio-tonic effect is in connection with ?1-receptor of the myocardium.